peine forte et dure การใช้

• This practice, known as " peine forte et dure ", was not finally abolished until 1772.
• Carter is captured, stripped, shackled to the floor and subjected to peine forte et dure  crushed under heavy stones.
• Torture was abolished in England around 1640 ( except " peine forte et dure " which was abolished in 1772 ).
• Torture was abolished in England around 1640 ( except " peine forte et dure ", which was abolished in 1772 ).
• Refusing to give any other answer to the court, he was committed to another court to suffer " peine forte et dure ".
• Stourton had been most reluctant to plead, until he was reminded by the judges that he faced the penalty of peine forte et dure if he did not.
• It is believed that the last case of someone being executed by being pressed to death ( peine forte et dure ), in the country, was carried out in 1735 at Horsham.
• In the past, a defendant who refused to plead ( or " stood mute " ) was subject to peine forte et dure ( Law French for " strong and hard punishment " ).
• At the time, a refusal to plead would lead to a heavy judgement also called " Peine forte et dure ", which is to be press to death until one would speak.
• The Commission recommended various changes, such as reducing the use of the death penalty, allowing defendants access to legal counsel, legal aid and the abolition of " peine forte et dure " as a torture mechanism.
• For instance, in her article about the " Peine forte et dure ", Andrea McKenzie argues that such refusals showed a " persistent popular resistance to that most sacred of English institutions, trial by jury ".
• Until 1772, if a defendant refused to plead guilty or not guilty, his trial was delayed from taking place, and he was subjected to peine forte et dure ( pressing ) until he either died or entered a plea.
• The only death by " peine forte et dure " in American history was Giles Corey, who was pressed to death on September 19, 1692, during the Salem witch trials, after he refused to enter a plea in the judicial proceeding.
• England abolished torture in about 1640 ( except peine forte et dure, which England only abolished in 1772 ), Scotland in 1708, Prussia in 1740, Denmark around 1770, Russia in 1774, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1776, Italy in 1786, France in 1789, and Baden in 1831.
• Many defendants charged with capital offences nonetheless refused to plead, since thereby they would escape forfeiture of property, and their heirs would still inherit their estate; but if the defendant pleaded guilty and was executed, their heirs would inherit nothing, their property escheating to the Crown . " Peine forte et dure " was abolished in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1772, and the last known use of the practice was in 1741.
• ""'Peine forte et dure " "'( Law French for " forceful and hard punishment " ) was a method of torture formerly used in the common law legal system, in which a defendant who refused to plead ( " stood mute " ) would be subjected to having heavier and heavier stones placed upon his or her chest until a plea was entered, or as the weight of the stones on the chest became too great for the condemned to breathe, fatal suffocation would occur.
• The property of criminals caught alive and put to death because of a guilty plea or jury conviction on a not guilty plea could be forfeited, as could the property of those who escaped justice and were outlawed; but the property of offenders who died before trial, except those killed during the commission of crimes ( who fell foul of the law relating to " felo de se " ), could not be forfeited, nor could the property of offenders who refused to plead and who were tortured to death through " peine forte et dure ".